Cholera, caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae

Author: Mariam Zakalashvili
Keywords: Vibrio cholerae, Global pandemic, the causative agent, Pathogenic, Gene
Annotation:

Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of a severe diarrheal disease that causes cholera epidemics, for at least 1000 years cholera epidemics have been recorded in South Asia, but later also spread throughout the world, since 1817 seven cholera pandemics are known. Without treatment, cholera is a potentially highly lethal disease, and disease onset is rapid.Although clinical management of cholera has become possible over the past 40 years, cholera remains a serious threat, particularly in developing countries where sanitation is poor, health care is limited, and Drinking water is unsafe. Cholera has been known since ancient times, its endemic centers are India and Pakistan. Between 1817 and 1926, 6 cholera pandemics are known, while the 7th global pandemic of the disease began in the second half of the 20th century, which was not caused by typical (Asian) cholera vibrios, but by a special cholera-causing agent of Vibrio cholerae, which was known as "El Named ``Tor'', it was the dominant strain in the seventh global cholera pandemic. Members of the genus Vibrio are facultatively anaerobic, asporogenous, motile, curved, or straight gram-negative rod-like bacteria. These bacteria live naturally in brackish or salt water, where they easily attach to the chitinous covering of crabs, shrimp, and other molluscs. Some strains of V. cholerae are pathogenic and cause a fatal disease in humans, called cholera. while consuming the product.