Assessment of the impact of Uncontrolled Landfill Sites located on the territory of Eastern Georgia

The role of uncontrolled landfill Sites, located in eastern Georgia in the processes of contamination of adjacent territories, has been studied. To this end, chemical, microbiological and physico-chemical analyzes were carried out in the samples under study. According to the results obtained, the impact of uncontrolled Landfill sites on the ecological state of the adjacent territories was obvious. According to plan, uncontrolled household landfills in the Shida Kartli region of Georgia were inventoried in the field conditions, their ecochemical research and environmental impact assessment were carried out, for which from uncontrolled landfills of the village of Shindisi, village Akhaldaba and village Variani, Analytical samples (water, soil) were taken, also from uncontrolled landfills of Surami, Qareli and Mukhrani, and according to the relevant accredited methods, a laboratory examination was conducted at the LEPL of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, in the laboratory of the National Environment Agency. Analytical samples identified the pollutants that often pollute the ecosystems of the environment as a result of the direct impact of these types of landfills. Some basic ions (HCO3 -, SO42-), some forms of biogenic elements (NO2-, NO3-, NH4 +, PO43-), heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd,) were identified in the samples. In parallel, the same samples were subjected to microbiological analyzes (total coliforms, fecal streptococci, and Escherichia coli). Physico-chemical parameters of water (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, amount of dissolved oxygen and salinity) were measured on the ground, in field conditions, using a portable device. Accordingly, the research objects were studied in a complex way - from the hydrochemical, physico-chemical and microbiological points of view. Based on the analysis of the results, we can say that natural landfills have a significant impact on their surrounding areas in terms of pollution. In particular, soil samples from surrounding areas were found to be contaminated with such carcinogenic components as lead, and in many cases, analytical samples were found to have high levels of copper zinc. The results of some analyzes have also shown that a natural landfill can contaminate a river as well and create some unsanitary situation in it (if it is located along a river). In particular, ammonium ion concentrations in water content sometimes increase, as do the content of bacteria such as E-coli and fecal streptococci. All this, of course, threatens the health of the population living in the regions, so much so that the components that are released in the presence of a landfill in the environment are characterized by fairly high carcinogenic characteristics.